سیرتِ نبوی ﷺ کے غزواتی سیاق میں غیر اکثریتی گروہوں کے قانونی و اخلاقی حقوق: فکری، شرعی اور تاریخی مطالعہ

A Critical Study of Minority Rights in the Light of the Prophetic Battles (Ghazawāt al-Nabī ﷺ)

Abstract

This study undertakes a critical and analytical exploration of minority rights in the light of the Prophetic battles (Ghazawāt al-Nabī ﷺ), situating the discourse within the broader framework of Islamic jurisprudence, ethics, and interfaith relations. By examining the historical context of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ military engagements, the research highlights the balance Islam maintains between legitimate defense and the protection of human dignity, even amidst conflict. It explores key principles derived from the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the conduct of the Companions, such as the safeguarding of religious freedom, protection of life and property, and preservation of non-combatant rights. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the theological and ethical underpinnings of Islamic teachings that establish justice, tolerance, and universality as guiding principles in the treatment of minorities. Comparative perspectives with other Abrahamic traditions are also drawn to underscore Islam’s unique contribution to human rights discourse. The study concludes that the Prophetic model, as manifested in Ghazawāt, not only upholds minority rights but also offers timeless guidance for contemporary challenges of coexistence, pluralism, and global peace.